See helen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heal"
},
"expansion": "English: heal\n→ Dutch: healen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: heal\n→ Dutch: healen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heal"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hǣlan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hǣlan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hailijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hailijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hailijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to heal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to heal”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hǣlan, from Proto-West Germanic *hailijan, from Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to heal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "heleþ",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third person singular simple present",
"4": "heleþ",
"5": "simple past and past participle",
"6": "held"
},
"expansion": "helen (third person singular simple present heleþ, simple past and past participle held)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to cure, heal"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-enm:to_heal",
"links": [
[
"cure",
"cure"
],
[
"heal",
"heal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cure, heal"
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to heal"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to heal, get better"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-PBxQL7CE",
"links": [
[
"heal",
"heal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to heal, get better"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to reform"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-yWbhcYga",
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːlən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "healen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hælen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hæliȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ȝele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "heilen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "haile"
}
],
"word": "helen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hele",
"3": "heel"
},
"expansion": "English: hele, heel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hele, heel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "helt",
"alts": "1",
"qq": "preterite"
},
"expansion": "Yola: helt, hulth (preterite)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: helt, hulth (preterite)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helan",
"4": "",
"5": "to conceal, cover, hide",
"pos": "strong verb"
},
"expansion": "Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”, strong verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helaną (“to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A merger of Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”, strong verb) and helian (“to conceal, cover, hide”, weak verb), from Proto-West Germanic *helan, from Proto-Germanic *helaną (“to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods”) and [Term?] (“to conceal”), both from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "heled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hal",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hole",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "hole",
"2": "verb",
"3": "simple past",
"4": "heled",
"5": "or",
"6": "hal",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "heled",
"9": "or"
},
"expansion": "helen (simple past heled or hal, past participle heled or hole)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cover"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-HmfwMVjo",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to clothe"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-pAGDj-q5",
"links": [
[
"clothe",
"clothe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to roof (cover with a roof)"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-Jm-~d5BI",
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to embrace"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-UPZyIgHr",
"links": [
[
"embrace",
"embrace"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to conceal, hide"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-a0zwB4XM",
"links": [
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shelter, protect"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-9gItnPEK",
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be silent, keep a secret"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-verb-KJBUGADZ",
"links": [
[
"silent",
"silent"
],
[
"secret",
"secret"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːlən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "helyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heyle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heolen"
}
],
"word": "helen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "helen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "concealment",
"word": "hele"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of hele (“concealment”)"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-noun-YgSZkJLc",
"links": [
[
"hele",
"hele#Middle_English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "helan"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːlən/"
}
],
"word": "helen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "helen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "heel",
"word": "hele"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of hele (“heel”)"
],
"id": "en-helen-enm-noun-LHqvdNIr",
"links": [
[
"hele",
"hele#Middle_English:_heel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helan"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːlən/"
}
],
"word": "helen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heal"
},
"expansion": "English: heal\n→ Dutch: healen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: heal\n→ Dutch: healen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heal"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hǣlan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hǣlan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hailijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hailijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hailijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to heal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to heal”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hǣlan, from Proto-West Germanic *hailijan, from Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to heal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "heleþ",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third person singular simple present",
"4": "heleþ",
"5": "simple past and past participle",
"6": "held"
},
"expansion": "helen (third person singular simple present heleþ, simple past and past participle held)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cure, heal"
],
"links": [
[
"cure",
"cure"
],
[
"heal",
"heal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cure, heal"
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to heal"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to heal, get better"
],
"links": [
[
"heal",
"heal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to heal, get better"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to reform"
],
"links": [
[
"reform",
"reform"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːlən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helien"
},
{
"word": "healen"
},
{
"word": "hælen"
},
{
"word": "hæliȝe"
},
{
"word": "ȝele"
},
{
"word": "heilen"
},
{
"word": "haile"
}
],
"word": "helen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hele",
"3": "heel"
},
"expansion": "English: hele, heel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hele, heel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "helt",
"alts": "1",
"qq": "preterite"
},
"expansion": "Yola: helt, hulth (preterite)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: helt, hulth (preterite)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "helan",
"4": "",
"5": "to conceal, cover, hide",
"pos": "strong verb"
},
"expansion": "Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”, strong verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helaną (“to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A merger of Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”, strong verb) and helian (“to conceal, cover, hide”, weak verb), from Proto-West Germanic *helan, from Proto-Germanic *helaną (“to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods”) and [Term?] (“to conceal”), both from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "heled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hal",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hole",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "hole",
"2": "verb",
"3": "simple past",
"4": "heled",
"5": "or",
"6": "hal",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "heled",
"9": "or"
},
"expansion": "helen (simple past heled or hal, past participle heled or hole)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cover"
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to clothe"
],
"links": [
[
"clothe",
"clothe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to roof (cover with a roof)"
],
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to embrace"
],
"links": [
[
"embrace",
"embrace"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to conceal, hide"
],
"links": [
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shelter, protect"
],
"links": [
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be silent, keep a secret"
],
"links": [
[
"silent",
"silent"
],
[
"secret",
"secret"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːlən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hely"
},
{
"word": "helie"
},
{
"word": "helye"
},
{
"word": "helien"
},
{
"word": "helyen"
},
{
"word": "hel"
},
{
"word": "heyle"
},
{
"word": "hellen"
},
{
"word": "heole"
},
{
"word": "heolen"
}
],
"word": "helen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "helen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "concealment",
"word": "hele"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of hele (“concealment”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hele",
"hele#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːlən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "helan"
}
],
"word": "helen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "helen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "heel",
"word": "hele"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of hele (“heel”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hele",
"hele#Middle_English:_heel"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːlən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "helan"
}
],
"word": "helen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for helen meaning in Middle English (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.